Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalization in the Cardiology Department of University Hospital Gabriel Toure

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is serious and life threatening, it requires immediate emergency and multidisciplinary care.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and clinical characteristics in patients hospitalized for thromboembolism in the cardiology department of University Hospital Gabriel TOURE.

Methodology: It was a retrospective and descriptive study from January 2011 to December 2014 and involved all patients hospitalized during the study period.

Results: The study included 70 patients out of 1738 hospitalized patients; with a prevalence of 4, 02%. The average age was 46.46 years, with extreme ages of 17 and 90 years. The sex ratio was 0.46. The main risk factors found were oral contraception (17.14%), HIV (15.71%), overweight (11.43%) and smoking with 8.57% of active smokers and 5.71% of weaned smokers. 70% (n = 49) of patients had venous thrombosis of the lower limbs, 18.57% (n = 13) had a pulmonary embolism, 11.43% (n = 8) had both venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. At the Doppler of the lower limbs, venous thrombosis involved the left lower limb in 57.89% and the right lower limb in 40.35%. According to the chest angio-CT, 28.57% of obstructions were located in the left branch of the pulmonary artery, 9.52% in the right branch and 61.90% of obstructions were bilateral. Four (4) deaths were recorded, all in a context of massive pulmonary embolism. The fatality rate was 5.71%.

Conclusion: Venous thromboembolism is a frequent cause of hospitalization. With an easy diagnosis, it can be severe with a prognosis often reserved despite good care.

Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, Cardiology, Gabriel TOURE Hospital.